Here are key factors to consider when picking the right sunscreen for your skin type and needs:
Broad-spectrum protection: This is important “to protect against both harmful UVA/UVB rays,” says Lucy Chen, M.D, F.A.A.D., board-certified dermatologist at Riverchase Dermatology in Florida. Exposure to these wavelengths can lead to dangerous sunburns, causing skin damage that can lead to skin cancer as well as signs of aging such as hyperpigmentation, wrinkles and sagging skin.
SPF 30 or higher: A SPF 30 or greater is best, says David Lortscher, M.D., board-certified dermatologist in San Diego, California and CEO of Curology. And you may want to go even higher: A GH Beauty Lab study found that women on average apply only about 1/3 of the amount of sunscreen needed to achieve the SPF level indicated on the product packaging. So for added insurance and especially outdoors, opt for an SPF 50 or higher, recommends GH Beauty Lab Senior Chemist Danusia Wnek.
Active ingredients: Choose between chemical and mineral sunscreen active ingredients (or a mix of both):
- Chemical formulas absorb UV rays and convert them into heat, according to Michael Somenek, M.D., a plastic surgeon in Washington, D.C. “This process allows the body to release the UV rays, which ultimately prevents the skin from burning,” he says. Chemical sunscreens tend to be better for swimming due to their water-resistant nature but while they are often easier to apply and don’t leave a white residue, you will need to reapply sunscreen more often than you would with a mineral option.
- Mineral formulas (also called physical sunscreens) form a barrier on your skin that reflects or filters UVA and UVB rays. These sunscreens can be more difficult to spread on skin and leave behind white cast, but they usually provide more lasting protection than chemical formulas.
Formula type: GH Beauty Lab scientists prefer lotions and creams over sprays since “they last on skin longer and are more likely to form a uniform protective coating over skin than sprays,” says GH Beauty Lab Director Sabina Wizemann. In addition, “If your skin is prone to dryness, a cream may be better for you,” Dr. Chen says. As for kids, “Sprays are easy to use, but they might require a second coating, so spray generously,” she notes.
Water-resistance: This means the SPF will stand up against sweaty days or time spent swimming. But know that there’s no such thing as waterproof or sweatproof sunscreen. Under current FDA guidelines, there are only “water-resistant for 40 minutes” or “water-resistant for 80 minutes” options. “Sweat- and water-resistant” labeling means the formula maintained its SPF level on testers’ skin in a water bath for the indicated time, says Steven Q. Wang, M.D., Chief of Dermatologic Oncology & Dermatologic Surgery at Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian in Newport Beach, California. Beyond that timeframe, it should be reapplied.
Your skin type: If you have dry skin, “look for ingredients like dimethicone, glycerin, aloe and oils and avoid spray or gel sunscreens with alcohol,” advises Dr. Chen. She adds that those with oily skin should opt for a lightweight sunscreen that contains oil-absorbent ingredients like silica.
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